Fiji

There are thousands of islands dotted around the world’s oceans most of which are uninhabited. Those that are not struggle with food security.

Food insecurity in Fiji: flying in fresh food vs growing it at home

Fiji is often sold to the world as a tropical paradise - white sand, turquoise lagoons, and abundant coconuts. But behind that postcard image, many Fijian households are wrestling with a quieter crisis: the rising cost of food, fragile supply chains, and a food system that leans heavily on imports, including fresh produce flown in commercially from Australia and New Zealand.

For families on tight budgets, that model is increasingly unsustainable. The core question is simple: how can Fiji reliably feed its own people with nutritious, affordable food in a warming, storm-prone Pacific?

Fiji

Like many South Pacific islands, Fiji depends heavily on imported food.

The food insecurity picture in Fiji

Fiji does produce food. Root crops, vegetables, fruits, livestock and fish remain central to rural livelihoods. But the country also imports a large share of what people eat - especially wheat, packaged foods and a growing array of processed items. In 2019 Fiji imported about FJD 94.6 million of wheat; by 2021 that import bill had climbed to FJD 108 million.

Fresh fruit imports alone are estimated at around FJD 21.4 million a year, according to the Ministry of Agriculture, which has warned about the health and economic implications of this dependence. Much of the higher-end fresh produce on supermarket shelves - certain fruits, vegetables, dairy and meat - comes from Australia and New Zealand, often arriving on the same commercial flights that bring tourists and export Fiji’s own products in the other direction. (That air link is a two-way street: Fiji is also emerging as a significant exporter of tropical produce into New Zealand’s NZ$2.7 billion fresh produce market.

When global supply chains were disrupted during COVID-19, those vulnerabilities became glaring. One study of Fijian food prices during the pandemic noted that while overall inflation fell, food prices kept rising - at one point fresh produce prices roughly doubled for many common items. In 2022, food inflation averaged about 6%, largely driven by higher prices for imported food products linked to the pandemic and the war in Ukraine.

For low-income households, that means hard choices: less fresh fruit and vegetables, more cheap instant noodles, sugar, and refined starches—fueling the epidemic of diet-related non-communicable diseases already widespread across the Pacific.

Climate change and smallholder pressure

Fiji’s agriculture is highly climate-sensitive. Most farms are small and largely subsistence-oriented; around 65% of farmers cultivate one hectare or less. These households rely on rainfall, healthy soils and relatively predictable seasons. All three are now under stress.

Research and national reports point to growing risks from droughts, intense floods and more frequent extreme weather events. Cyclones like Yasa and Ana damaged crops and infrastructure, reducing supply and pushing up prices in markets. Farmers also grapple with soil degradation, pests and diseases, and saltwater intrusion on low-lying land.

For a smallholder trying to grow vegetables or fruit for sale, this translates into:

  • Higher risk of losing entire crops to storms or drought
  • Rising costs for fertiliser, fuel and other imported inputs
  • Uncertain market prices—especially when imports undercut local produce or when domestic freight to urban markets is expensive

All of that makes it hard for younger people to see farming as a viable future, even though agriculture remains central to Fiji’s food security and rural livelihoods.

What the Fijian government is doing

The government is very aware that food security sits at the intersection of climate resilience, health and economic development. Over the last decade it has launched several major policy frameworks:

  • A Food and Nutrition Security Policy and National Food Systems Pathway, developed with UN partners, to align food, climate and nutrition agendas through to 2025 and beyond.
  • A National Adaptation Plan (2019) that explicitly targets resilience of food production systems, including conservation agriculture, agroforestry, better soil and water management and diversification.
  • The Non-Sugar Agriculture Sector Policy 2025–2035, which aims to build a sustainable, resilient agriculture sector, enhance food security and improve farmer livelihoods.
  • The Fiji Plan of Action for Nutrition (FPAN), whose vision is that every Fijian has access to safe, sufficient, nutritious food, ending malnutrition in all its forms.

On the ground, the Ministry of Agriculture and Waterways is expanding initiatives like the School Gardening Program to strengthen food and nutrition security and teach young people to grow food. The government is also working to cut the fresh fruit import bill by at least 50% by focusing on expanding local production of high-potential fruit crops.

These are solid steps - but transforming the food system also requires new, locally adapted farming models that can thrive in climate-stressed conditions and make healthy food more affordable.

Why sustainable local agriculture is essential

Increasing Fiji’s domestic production of vegetables, fruits and other nutritious foods is vital for several reasons:

  • 1. Resilience to shocks: The more food that can be grown locally—especially perishable produce—the less vulnerable households are to disruptions in shipping, air links or global prices.
  • 2. Healthier diets: When locally grown vegetables, fruits and herbs are abundant and reasonably priced, it becomes easier for families to choose healthier foods instead of ultra-processed imports.
  • 3. Cultural continuity: Traditional root crops, leafy greens and agroforestry systems are part of Indigenous knowledge and identity. Revitalising them alongside new techniques strengthens both culture and resilience.
  • 4. Economic opportunity: Climate-smart horticulture and diversified farming can open new value chains; supplying hotels, export markets and neighbouring islands, if yields and quality are high enough.

To make that happen at scale, farmers and communities need tools to grow more food per square metre with less water and fewer imported inputs. That’s were Feed An Island and Crop Circle Farms and Gardens can become valuable partners.

How Feed An Island & Crop Circle Farms can support Fiji

Feed An Island and Crop Circle Farms specialise in compact, circular farm and garden systems designed for islands. Their approach meshes well with Fiji’s policy priorities and practical realities.

1. High-yield micro-farms for tight spaces

Crop Circle systems use spiral or circular layouts to maximise planting area within a small footprint. Different crop layers—tall plants, mid-height crops, groundcovers and herbs are carefully arranged to make efficient use of light, space and nutrients.

In Fiji, this could be deployed as:

  • Backyard Crop Circles in peri-urban settlements to supply household food and surplus for local markets
  • Village-level gardens run by women’s and youth groups
  • Intensive plots near schools, health centres and churches

This kind of high-density production can significantly increase the availability of vegetables and herbs without requiring large new land areas.

2. Water-smart, climate-resilient design

Crop Circle farms can be configured with:

  • Drip or subsurface irrigation to cut evaporation losses
  • Mulches and living groundcovers to protect soil and retain moisture
  • Simple rainwater harvesting to supply irrigation
  • Windbreaks and optional shade cloth to buffer cyclones’ aftermath and heat stress

These techniques align closely with Fiji’s National Adaptation Plan emphasis on soil and water management, conservation agriculture and diversified systems.

3. Farm-in-a-box kits and demonstration hubs

Feed An Island can package Crop Circle designs into modular kits that include layouts, instructions, key hardware and recommended crop mixes tailored to Fijian conditions.

Potential partnership pathways include:

  • Pilot hubs at Ministry of Agriculture research stations, showing how Crop Circles work in different agro-ecological zones
  • School and college gardens that integrate agriculture, nutrition and climate education
  • Community demonstration sites that link with farmer organisations and NGOs, making it easier to spread best practices across villages and islands

4. Integrating with Fiji’s food system vision

Because Fiji is already positioning itself as a regional producer - exporting pineapples, ginger and other produce to Australia, New Zealand and the wider Pacific - Crop Circle systems can serve dual goals:

  • Boosting local food security by supplying nearby communities
  • Creating export-quality surplus for regional markets where Fiji already has strong trade links

Feed An Island can work with government and local partners to design projects that fit within existing policies and access climate and agriculture finance, rather than sitting off to the side as a standalone experiment.

From flying in food to growing it at home

Right now, much of the fresh produce that fills Fiji’s higher-end supermarket shelves comes in on planes and ships from Australia and New Zealand - expensive, carbon-intensive and vulnerable to disruption. At the same time, Fijian farmers have the land, knowledge and potential to supply far more of the country’s vegetables, fruits and herbs themselves.

Government strategies, regional partnerships and community initiatives are already pushing in the right direction. By adding Crop Circle Farms and Gardens to the toolkit—through a focused partnership with Feed An Island - Fiji can accelerate that shift, turning under-used plots into green, productive circles of resilience.

If that vision is realised, the story of food in Fiji could look very different: less reliance on imported fresh produce, more healthy local food on the table, and a stronger, climate-smart agriculture sector that feeds not only tourists and export markets, but Fijian families first.